Mastering Audio Recording from Your PC: A Complete Guide
Intro
Recording audio from your PC can seem like a daunting task at first, especially if you're not familiar with the array of tools and software available. However, understanding the basics can turn a complex process into a straightforward experience. Whether you’re looking to create captivating podcasts, engaging music tracks, or simply capture your voice for educational videos, grasping the essential techniques and methods is crucial.
In this guide, we take a close look at the journey of recording audio, from the very first steps to more advanced methods. This isn't just a list of tools—it's a deep dive into how to optimize your setup and refine your technique to achieve the best possible quality.
From selecting the right microphone to navigating through the various software options, we provide insights that cater to both novices and experienced users. So, let’s roll up our sleeves and delve into the riveting world of audio recording.
Understanding Audio Recording Basics
Audio recording is the cornerstone of many creative endeavors today. From music production to podcasting or even online education, understanding the basics is essential for anyone looking to capture and manipulate sound effectively. This section serves to demystify audio recording, laying the groundwork for the more technical aspects that follow. When you grasp the foundational elements, you equip yourself with the knowledge to make informed choices regarding equipment, software, and techniques.
What is Audio Recording?
At its core, audio recording is the process of capturing sound waves through various means—be it via microphones, direct inputs, or other devices. It's akin to painting a picture, but with sound. Instead of colors and brushes, there are sound waves and recording devices. The captured sound can then be manipulated, edited, and produced into a final product.
Essentially, audio recording transforms live acoustics into digital or analog formats, allowing for reproduction and distribution across multiple platforms. This transformation holds significance in numerous fields: musicians utilize it to create tracks, educators use it for enhanced learning materials, and gamers employ it for immersive experiences.
Types of Audio Sources
Understanding the different audio sources is crucial because each source brings unique qualities and challenges to the recording process. Here’s a closer look at the primary sources you’ll encounter.
Microphone Input
Microphone input stands out as a primary method for audio recording. This approach captures sound directly from a person or an instrument using microphones. The distinct characteristic of microphone inputs lies in their versatility; they can record everything from soft vocals to loud guitar riffs with relative ease.
One significant advantage of using microphone input is its capacity to pick up subtle nuances in sound. For instance, a condenser microphone can capture delicate vocal intonations, making it a popular choice for voice-over artists and singers alike. However, it’s important to note that microphone placement plays a pivotal role in the quality of the recording. Improper positioning can result in unwanted noise or overly boisterous levels.
System Sounds
System sounds refer to the audio generated from your computer's programs or applications. When you opt for system sounds, you're tapping into a convenient way to record anything from notifications to multimedia playback. This method is incredibly beneficial for those creating tutorials, game streams, or presentations, as it allows direct capture of everything happening on screen.
The key factors that make system sounds appealing revolve around simplicity and directness. For instance, using software like Audacity or OBS Studio can facilitate this process without the need for elaborate setups. However, an inherent challenge exists in the potential for unwanted audio artifacts—as background sounds can unintentionally blend with your desired output.
Streaming Audio
Streaming audio is another avenue for capturing sound, often utilized in applications like music streaming services or live broadcasts. It allows you to record real-time audio directly from the internet, making it a valuable asset for podcasters or digital content creators who want to incorporate a wide range of soundscapes into their work.
The unique advantage here lies in accessibility; you can tap into a virtually limitless library of audio sources. However, there's a noticeable drawback, primarily concerning copyright and licensing issues. Recording streamed audio might infringe on rights set by the content creators, which can result in legal complications. Thus, while the appeal is strong, caution is advised in navigating the relative regulatory environment.
Essential Equipment for Recording
In the world of audio recording, the equipment you choose can make or break your setup. It’s essential to have the right tools in your arsenal to ensure high-quality recordings that capture the essence of your sound or message. Whether you're diving into music production, starting a podcast, or creating educational content, understanding the essentials can help you get started on the right foot. Investing in the right gear not only boosts your recording quality but also enhances your workflow, giving you the ability to focus more on creativity rather than technical issues.
Microphone Options
Dynamic Microphones
Dynamic microphones are often seen as the workhorses of the audio world. They're rugged and can handle high sound levels, which makes them ideal for live settings and vocal recording. One key characteristic of dynamic mics is their ability to isolate sound sources. This means they pick up sound primarily from the front while blocking out ambient noise, which is quite beneficial when recording in less-than-ideal conditions.
One unique feature of dynamic microphones is their durability; they can be quite forgiving in terms of handling. This makes them a popular choice for beginner home studios where equipment might take a few knocks. On the downside, they may not capture the subtleties of quieter sounds, limiting their use in certain scenarios, but they make up for that with another strongpoint—their affordability.
Condenser Microphones
If you’re looking for clarity and detail in your recordings, condenser microphones could be your go-to. These mics typically excel in capturing vocals and acoustic instruments with stunning precision. A key characteristic of condenser microphones is their sensitivity, which enables them to pick up a broader range of frequencies, making them ideal for studio environments.
The unique feature is generally their ability to capture fine details in sound, providing a richer listening experience. However, because of their sensitivity, they can also pick up unwanted background noise, which is a consideration for anyone recording in a less controlled setting. Thus, while they can elevate your recordings, they may require a more careful setup and considerations regarding your environment.
USB Microphones
USB microphones are truly the champions of convenience. These mics can plug straight into your computer and are especially popular among beginners or those doing casual recordings. Their main appeal lies in their ease of use; there's generally no need for additional audio interfaces or complex wiring setups. Plus, many of them come with built-in features like headphone jacks, allowing for real-time monitoring without additional gear.
On the flip side, USB microphones might lack the versatility offered by traditional XLR mics. They can also be limiting in terms of sound customization options, making them less suitable for advanced recording setups. Still, for a quick and portable solution, they fit the bill for many applications.
Audio Interface and Mixers
While microphones are critical, they need the right support to function properly. An audio interface serves as the bridge between your microphone and computer, converting analog signals to digital format for recording on your PC. Mixer boards, meanwhile, let you adjust audio levels, add effects, and combine multiple sound sources seamlessly.
An audio interface's importance comes from its ability to manage sound quality. It provides cleaner preamps and better analog-to-digital conversion compared to onboard sound cards, which is vital for serious recording work. Likewise, mixers can give expressive control over the sound, which can be crucial in live recording settings.
Headphones for Monitoring
When recording audio, the headphones you use for monitoring your sound matters greatly. It’s not just about liking how it sounds; it’s about accuracy. Closed-back headphones are generally preferred for tracking, as they prevent sound from leaking out, which can spoil takes. On the other hand, open-back headphones might be better for mixing since they provide a more natural listening experience.
Monitoring audio properly is essential; it allows you to catch any issues at the moment of recording rather than discovering them during post-production. Using quality headphones ensures you hear your audio true to its form, leading to a better overall output.
"The right equipment can empower you, turning your creative visions into reality."
As you piece together your audio recording station, consider these essential elements. Each component interacts in a symbiotic relationship that culminates in the sound quality you aim to achieve. Attention to details, alongside the right equipment, fosters a professional sound that stands out.
Software for Recording Audio
When it comes to recording audio from your PC, the software you choose plays a pivotal role. It serves not just as the intermediary between your audio sources and the final output but also empowers the user to manipulate, enhance, and perfect their audio recordings like an artist with a canvas. In today's landscape, where digital content reigns supreme, understanding the available audio recording software options can directly influence your success in areas like music production, podcasting, or even video soundtracks.
The specific benefits of using proper audio software are undeniable. For starters, the right software can cater to your recording style, enabling you to capture crystal-clear audio while providing tools for easy editing and mixing afterward. It saves time and, frankly, a lot of headaches. Moreover, the considerations you should keep in mind include compatibility with your existing hardware, user-friendliness, and the range of features it offers.
Digital Audio Workstations (DAWs)
Digital Audio Workstations, commonly referred to as DAWs, are at the forefront of software for audio recording. They bring a world of possibilities right to your fingertips, suitable for both casual users and dedicated audio engineers. These platforms allow for multi-track recording, layering audio tracks, and mixing, among various other capabilities. They are more than just a recording medium; they are comprehensive environments for audio production.
Popular DAWs for Beginners
One of the main appeals of certain DAWs for beginners is their simplicity and user-friendly interfaces. Software like GarageBand or Audacity allows new users to dive right in without feeling overwhelmed. These programs often come with built-in tutorials or help systems, making it easier for those just starting to get their feet wet in audio recording.
A key characteristic that makes these DAWs popular is their range of features combined with accessibility. For example, GarageBand offers an excellent selection of loops and virtual instruments that can be easily dragged and dropped into your project. This unique feature is an advantage for novices who may not yet know how to record live instruments or vocals. However, one drawback could be limited functionality for more advanced editing, which seasoned users might find restrictive.
Advanced DAW Features
On the flip side, advanced DAW features cater to the more experienced users who want to harness the full spectrum of audio editing and production. Software like Ableton Live or Pro Tools may sound intimidating but are actually built to unleash your creative potential. They come packed with extensive features such as automation, MIDI capabilities, and a vast library of plugins.
These powerful characteristics can be enormously beneficial for crafting professional-quality audio. However, one notable drawback is the steep learning curve. Occasionally, it can feel like walking a tightrope, balancing your ambitions with the skills required to take full advantage of these tools. That said, these challenges can often lead to breakthroughs in creativity and refinement of skills that one may not get using simpler software.
Standalone Audio Recording Software
Apart from DAWs, there’s a plethora of standalone audio recording software that deserves attention. These programs, like Audacity, focus solely on recording and basic editing without becoming bogged down by a plethora of extra features that some might find unnecessary. They are streamlined, fast, and great for quick jobs, especially if you're not looking for advanced editing tools.
These standalone applications can be a breath of fresh air for those who don't need the full suite of features found in DAWs. Their straightforwardness allows for rapid setup and can be ideal for podcasters or individuals just looking to record voiceovers. However, they may lack the collaborative features and in-depth editing options that more polished DAWs would provide.
Open Source Recording Solutions
Finally, let’s not overlook open-source recording solutions. Software options like Ardour and OBS Studio present great opportunities for those on a budget or who prefer a more hands-on approach to their audio. The community behind these tools often fosters innovation since improvements and add-ons are developed collaboratively.
These solutions not only provide access to high-quality audio recording tools without a hefty price tag but also promote a sense of community, allowing users to share tips and tricks. The downside, however, is that users might find themselves navigating through forums and documentation to get the most out of these tools, which could be daunting for those unfamiliar with technical jargon.
Configuring Your PC for Audio Recording
When embarking on the journey of capturing audio directly from your computer, the configuration of your PC is a cornerstone that can’t be overlooked. Properly setting up your system not only paves the way for high-quality recordings but also minimizes frustrations that can arise during the process. It’s like tuning a musical instrument; not only does it need to be fine-tuned, but you also need to ensure the right setup to hit the right notes.
This section explores the fundamental components of audio configuration, including the audio drivers and the settings that will allow your sound to shine.
Setting Up Audio Drivers
The heartbeat of your audio recording lies in the drivers, which act as a bridge between your operating system and the audio hardware. Installing the right audio drivers is crucial, as they dictate how well your system recognizes and communicates with your input and output devices.
Most PCs come with basic drivers pre-installed, but to get the best performance and features, it’s often beneficial to download the latest drivers directly from the manufacturer's website. For example, users of models like Focusrite Scarlett or PreSonus AudioBox can enjoy better latency and enhanced performance just by updating their drivers.
Adjusting Audio Settings
Once the drivers are in line, it’s time to roll up your sleeves and delve into the audio settings. This phase is where you tailor your PC to meet your recording needs. There are three main focus areas:
Input Devices
Input devices are your microphones or instruments—essentially what captures the sound you want. High-quality input devices, like the Shure SM7B microphone or the Rode NT1, provide crystal-clear audio fidelity. Their key characteristic? Sensitivity.
A microphone's sensitivity can significantly affect how details are captured. The Shure SM7B, for example, is renowned for its versatility and rich sound across varied applications, making it a favorite among podcasters and musicians alike. However, devices with significantly high sensitivity can also pick up unwanted background noise, which may detract from your recordings if you're not in a controlled environment.
Output Devices
Just as essential are your output devices, which include studio monitors and headphones. The output devices are what allow you to hear the audio accurately as you record. Studio monitors like the KRK Rokit 5 are popular choices among audio professionals for their flat response, which helps ensure that what you hear while mixing is as true to the original sound as possible.
But there's more to it: headphones used during recording, such as the Audio-Technica ATH-M50x, need to provide not just comfort but also isolation. The unique feature of noise-canceling headphones can help reduce the ambient noise and allow you to focus purely on your audio. While these devices can elevate the recording quality, they can also come with a higher price tag.
Sample Rate Settings
The sample rate settings dictate how many samples of audio are taken per second. Common options are 44.1 kHz and 48 kHz. A higher sample rate can capture more detail, but it also increases file size.
The key characteristic of 48 kHz is that it is the standard for video production, making it a common choice when syncing audio with visuals. A unique feature of a higher sample rate is its ability to capture transient sounds better, giving a more realistic playback. However, if storage space and processing power are concerns, sticking to 44.1 kHz might be more efficient without sacrificing audio quality for most applications.
"A system not tuned is like a half-baked cake—might look good, but the taste? Not so much."
In summary, configuring your PC for audio recording isn't a mere formality; it's a foundational aspect that can drastically influence your recording experiences and outcomes. With the right drivers and adjusted settings, you're setting yourself up for success in your audio endeavors.
Recording Techniques
Recording techniques are crucial to achieving high-quality audio output from your PC. These methods hinge on understanding both the technology at your disposal and the art behind recording. A well-executed audio recording isn’t just about capturing sound; it's about ensuring clarity, balance, and the overall impact of the finished product. When employing appropriate recording techniques, you cater to the specific requirements of your project—be it a podcast, music, or a voiceover. Let's delve into the specific methods you can utilize to maximize the quality of your recordings.
Capturing Live Audio
Capturing live audio is both an exhilarating and challenging venture. When you’re recording live, whether it be an instrument performance or a vocal session, the goal is to preserve the spontaneity and emotion of the moment. Here are some key considerations:
- Microphone Placement: The position of your microphone plays a pivotal role. Different placements will yield unique sound characteristics. For instance, placing the microphone close to the sound source can dramatically increase volume while reducing ambient noise.
- Environment Matters: Your recording space matters a lot. A quiet area with soft furnishings can absorb echoes and prevent unwanted background noise. Rooms with hard surfaces like tiles or untreated walls can cause distracting reverberations, muddying the clarity.
- Levels and Gain: Monitoring levels is essential during live recording sessions. If the gain is too high, you risk distortion. If it's too low, you might struggle to capture the subtle dynamics of the performance.
- Use of Direct Inputs: For instruments like electric guitars or keyboards, using a direct input can sometimes provide a cleaner sound than a microphone can. This is particularly true for mixing in the studio.
Creating an optimal environment for live recording, coupled with strategic microphone usage, enhances your chances of capturing that magic moment perfectly.
Screen and System Audio Recording
Recording audio directly from your screen or system can seem like it should be straightforward, but often it requires specific techniques to ensure clarity and fidelity. Whether you’re capturing a webinar, gameplay, or creating tutorial content, the following points should be considered:
- System Audio Settings: Before hitting record, navigate to your audio settings on your PC. Ensuring the right output device is selected prevents issues where the audio may not capture properly.
- Use of Screen Recording Software: Not all screen recorders handle audio well. Programs like OBS Studio, Audacity, and others allow you to combine video with high-quality audio input. They often include features to mix system sounds with microphone input effectively.
- Adjust Capture Settings: It's essential to adjust the capture settings in your software. Look for options that let you control the balance between the microphone and system sound, making sure neither drowns the other out.
- Post-Processing: After capturing your content, consider using software for editing. You may need to tweak audio levels, apply noise reduction, or equalize—tweaking can transform a solid recording into an exceptional one.
By mastering these recording techniques, you can ensure that your audio captures not only sound but also the emotion and essence intended. Quality recording reflects quality effort, making the technical know-how indispensable.
With clear understanding and application of these techniques, both live and screen recordings can elevate your production quality significantly. Whether you are creating a podcast, compiling an educational course, or streaming games, being adept in recording techniques ensures your audience will have an engaging experience.
Post-Recording Considerations
Once you've completed your audio recording session, the job isn't quite done yet. Post-recording considerations play a pivotal role in shaping the final product. These steps ensure that the audio you’ve captured sounds polished and professional, which is crucial whether you’re producing music, creating a podcast, or recording educational material. By focusing on editing and sharing, you can elevate your audio to meet the high standards expected in today’s digital content landscape.
Editing Recorded Audio
Editing is where the magic happens. It’s not just about making things sound nicer; it’s about transforming raw audio into a refined piece of work that captures your intended message. Here, we’ll explore some basic editing tips and how to incorporate effects effectively.
Basic Editing Tips
Understanding how to edit audio is essential for anyone looking to enhance their recordings. One key aspect of basic editing tips is the importance of trimming and arranging clips to create a seamless flow. This is where you cut out the unnecessary bits—think of it as removing the weeds from a garden to let the flowers shine. The best approach involves listening attentively, identifying parts that feel off, and making judicious cuts.
Also, it helps to use tools like fading in and fading out to ensure transitions are smooth. A well-crafted audio piece doesn’t abruptly cut off; it glides from one sound to the next. The distinct advantage of basic editing is that it ensures clarity and coherence, making your audio more listener-friendly. However, a downside can be over-editing, which might strip away the natural dynamics of the recording. Staying mindful of your editing choices can help you maintain balance.
Using Effects
Adding effects can transform a good recording into a great one. Think reverb, compression, equalization—these are not just technological tricks; they enhance the listening experience. One of the most compelling reasons to use effects is their ability to create a sense of space and depth, making the audio feel more immersive. For example, adding a slight echo can give a vocal recording an atmospheric quality that places the listener right in the moment.
Each effect has unique features that can be utilized strategically. Compression is great for leveling out volume disparities. It can make quieter sounds more audible without overpowering louder ones. On the flip side, using too many effects can muddle your sound, making it less distinct. Finding that sweet spot, where effects enrich rather than detract from the core audio, is the goal.
Exporting and Sharing
After you’ve carefully edited your audio, it’s time to think about how you’ll export and share your creations. These elements are vital to ensure your hard work reaches an audience.
File Formats
Choosing the right file format is critical for both quality and compatibility. Formats like WAV and AIFF retain high audio fidelity but can lead to larger file sizes, making them more challenging to share. On the other hand, MP3 is a smaller file format that sacrifices some sound quality for easier sharing without a significant loss of clarity.
The key characteristic of file formats is their impact on the end-user experience. A high-quality format ensures that your audio sounds its best, while a compressed format allows for quicker sharing and compatibility across various devices and platforms. The downside of going for standard formats over quality ones, however, is potentially losing subtle nuances in your audio.
Platforms for Sharing
Finally, once your audio is ready to go, how you choose to share it is equally important. Options range from platforms like SoundCloud and YouTube to more specialized options like Bandcamp for musicians or podcast-hosting services for podcasters. Each platform has its unique features, such as audience reach and ease of use, that make them suitable for different types of content.
The distinctive feature of these platforms is not just their reach but also their community engagement. Sharing your audio means tapping into communities that resonate with your content style. However, one should be cognizant of the terms of service and copyright implications on these platforms, as they can impact how your work is perceived and monetized.
In summary, the post-recording stage is crucial for realizing the full potential of your audio. From editing with care to choosing the right file formats and sharing platforms, every step you take can significantly affect how your recording resonates with its audience. The goal is not just to finalize a product, but to present an audio piece that captures attention and engages listeners.
Common Issues and Troubleshooting
Common issues encountered during audio recording can derail even the best-laid plans. Being aware of these potential pitfalls is crucial for anyone looking to capture high-quality sound effectively. Not only does troubleshooting common problems save time and effort, but it also enhances the overall audio experience. With the right knowledge in your toolkit, you can turn frustration into solutions, allowing for smooth recordings.
Audio Quality Problems
Distortion and Noise
Distortion and noise can be the bane of an audio engineer’s existence, often sneaking in and ruining what could’ve been a stellar recording. The key characteristic of distortion is that it alters the original sound wave, resulting in an undesirable, harsh quality. This mess can come from multiple sources—poor equipment, high gain settings, or interference from other electronic devices.
Understanding the nature of distortion is essential. It often results from pushing an audio signal beyond its limits. The practical implication of this for your project is clear: too much distortion can diminish your recording’s professionalism and clarity. A beneficial angle to approach this issue is through careful equipment selection and appropriate setup. Ensuring your microphone is suited for your audio source and that your gain levels are properly adjusted is a good start.
However, noise isn’t just about distortion. It can sneak in from background sounds, ringing electronics, or vibrations. One unique feature of noise is that it can often be minimized through the use of certain acoustic treatments or soundproofing methods. While some noise might be acceptable in casual recordings, it's generally more of a hindrance than a help in professional settings.
Volume Levels
Volume levels pose another common challenge for audio recording. Getting this just right contributes significantly to your recording's narrative. A common issue arises when the volume is set too low, resulting in a weak and lifeless sound. Conversely, high volume levels can lead to clipping—where the sound peaks and causes distortion.
The importance of maintaining appropriate volume levels cannot be overstated. They play a key role in how your audio is heard, greatly affecting clarity and impact. In a nutshell, if you’re aiming for quality, pay attention to that volume meter. A unique feature of managing volume is using a compressor, which can help level out the highs and lows, ensuring a more even sound.
While adjusting volume levels seems simple, it comes with its own set of advantages and disadvantages. Properly managed volume brings clear, crisp sound, but it requires vigilance and possibly additional gear or software tools. Balancing these factors is essential in the recording process to achieve the best sound possible without the nasty penalties of clipping or weak audio.
Software Crashes and Bugs
Lastly, software issues can rear their ugly heads just when you think everything is going smoothly. Audio recording software may crash unexpectedly, often at inopportune moments like right before a big project deadline. These bugs can stem from system incompatibilities, outdated drivers, or even memory overloads due to excessive processes running on your PC.
The real crux of dealing with software crashes lies in preparation and knowledge. Regularly updating your DAW and ensuring hardware compatibility can significantly mitigate these problems. Additionally, being well-versed in basic troubleshooting steps often saves precious time.
Best Practices for Quality Recording
When it comes to audio recording, embracing best practices can make the difference between a mediocre output and a studio-quality masterpiece. It's essential to understand that, beyond the technical specifications of equipment and software, the environment and methodology have a significant impact on the final product. Ensuring that everything is aligned with best practices not only enhances sound quality but also paves the way for a smoother recording experience, particularly for those who are new to the realm of audio capturing.
Optimal Recording Environments
Creating the right environment for audio recording is paramount. Noise is the enemy of clean audio. Considerable care should be taken in selecting a quiet space, free from distractions and external sounds. Look around; are those computer fans humming? Is there a clock ticking loudly in the background? These sounds might seem trivial at first but can wreak havoc on your recordings.
Here are some essential tips for setting up an optimal recording environment:
- Isolation: Identify a room with minimal outside interference. It might mean using a closet or a room with carpets and curtains that help absorb sound.
- Acoustic Treatment: Utilize foam panels or even DIY solutions like blankets to reduce sound reflections. This treatment ensures that echoes are minimized, providing a clearer recording.
- Setup Position: Place yourself a good distance from wall surfaces. Ideally, aim for about three feet away. This distance helps avoid direct reflections bouncing back into the microphone, which could distort sound.
Creating an ideal recording environment is an investment of time that pays off exponentially in audio clarity.
Use of Pop Filters and Acoustic Treatment
Pop filters and acoustic treatment are additional allies in the quest for high-quality recordings. Pop filters, typically made from mesh materials, serve a specific purpose: they prevent plosive sounds from hitting the microphone directly. Words starting with 'P' and 'B', for instance, can create an unpleasant popping noise.
Investing in a pop filter is a minor cost compared to the benefits it offers. This simple tool can:
- Enhance Vocal Clarity: By softening harsh sounds, a pop filter allows the true essence of the voice to shine through.
- Assist Microphone Longevity: Keeping saliva and other particles off the microphone can extend its life.
Acoustic treatment, on the other hand, is about more than just sound absorption. It involves treating the entire space, not just a piece of it. The use of materials designed to absorb or deflect sound can help create a balanced sound profile suitable for any genre of audio capture. Here are a few factors to consider:
- Mix of Absorption and Reflection: Aim for a balanced setup. Too much absorption can make recordings sound lifeless, while too much reflection can make them feel cluttered.
- Target Frequencies: Different acoustic treatment materials respond uniquely to various frequencies. Thus, diversifying your treatment materials can enhance overall sound fidelity.
"Having a dedicated, well-optimized environment is 50% of the recording battle; the other half is in the tools you choose to use."
By implementing these best practices, you are setting the stage for high-quality sound that not only captures your intent but resonates with your audience. Whether you are recording your podcast, a music track, or a simple voice memo, these foundational tips set the tone for excellence. A sound that feels authentic, crisp, and professional starts in the environment you create.
